Knowledge the elemental composition of aerosols in remote areas is very important for assessing the impact of human activities. This dataset reports the elemental composition of atmospheric aerosols (TSP) in Ranwu, a remote area in the southeast of the Tibet Plateau, from November 2019 to December 2020. The data include acid soluble and total soluble components. The results of acid soluble components are determined by adding 1% sample volume of nitric acid to react for seven days; The treatment of the total soluble component is to use the mixture of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid for determination after pressurized digestion. The Chinese loess reference material (GBW07408) is used for quality control. In general, the element concentrations in this area are lower than those in other stations in the southeast of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, but slightly higher than those in the interior of the plateau (Nam co). The interior of the Tibet Plateau is the main source of elements from the crust, and the typical heavy metal elements are the long-distance transport of pollutants emitted by human activities in South Asia and Southeast Asia. The data supplement the database of aerosol elements in the southeast of the Tibet Plateau.
LI Chaoliu
The data set includes carbon isotope data of different regions of the Tibetan Plateau and different environmental (carbon isotope data of black carbon and organic carbon in aerosols from 10 typical stations of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, carbon isotope data of black carbon and water insoluble organic carbon in 11 snow pits in different years, and carbon isotope data of water-soluble organic carbon in monsoon precipitation from 11 stations of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas), All samples were collected at each site, and the content and δ 13C and Δ 14C data, which can be used to accurately assess the contribution proportion of atmospheric carbon aerosols, carbon particles deposited on glaciers and water-soluble organic carbon in precipitation from fossil fuels and biomass fuels.
LI Chaoliu
Carbon particles are an important radiative forcing factor in the atmosphere. Their concentration and composition vary greatly in time and space, especially in remote areas. This data set reports the total suspended particulate matter (TSP), total carbon (TC) and water insoluble particulate carbon (IPC) of PM2.5 at two stations in the remote area of the eastern Qinghai Tibet Plateau (Hongyuan) Δ 14C and δ 13C, the area is affected by severe air pollution from southwest China. The contribution rates of TC fossil fuels in TSP and PM2.5 samples are 18.91 ± 7.22% and 23.13 ± 12.52% respectively, which are far lower than those in Southwest China, indicating the importance of non fossil contributions from local sources. TC in TSP samples at study site δ 13C is 27.06 ± 0.96 ‰, which is between long-distance transport sources (such as the southwest region) and local biomass combustion emissions. This data supplements the database of carbon aerosols in the east of the Tibetan Plateau.
LI Chaoliu
This data set includes the light absorption data of carbon components in the atmosphere and precipitation at typical stations on the Tibetan Plateau (Ranwu (2018-2021), Namco (2013-2016), Everest (2013-2016), Lulang (2015-2016)). All samples were collected on the spot from various sampling points. The concentrations of black carbon and water-soluble organic carbon, as well as the light absorption data were measured, using the index (MAC value) representing the light absorption capacity, The MAC values of light absorption of water-soluble organic carbon and black carbon are calculated. This data is of great significance for evaluating the radiative forcing of carbon particles in the atmosphere, and is an important basic data input for model simulation.
LI Chaoliu
Numerical test: The climate model used is the regional climate model RegCM4.1. RegCM4.1 developed by the Italian Research Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP). In the test of regional model simulation, the horizontal resolution of the atmospheric model is 50 km and the vertical direction is 18 layers; Online coupling sand dust module. Sea surface temperature The sea surface temperature interpolated by OISST is used. The test includes two groups: the Middle Paleocene topographic test (MP,~60Ma BP, test name 60ma_regcm4.1_xxx. nc) and the Late Oligocene (LO,~25Ma BP, test name 25ma_regcM4.1_xxx. nc) The MP regional terrain modification test removed the northern part of the plateau and approximately replaced the terrain distribution of Asian land during the 60Ma period. BP regional terrain modification test only removed the terrain of Pamirs Plateau, approximately replacing the terrain distribution of Asian land during the 25Ma period. The sand and dust source areas of the two tests have not changed, and the sand and dust circulation process has been opened online. Output time: All tests were integrated for 22 years, using the average results of the last 20 years of each test. The data can be used to explain the difference of drought evolution in different regions around the plateau.
SUN Hui
The ground-based observation dataset of aerosol optical properties over the Tibetan Plateau was obtained by continuous observation with a Cimel 318 sunphotometer, involving two stations: Qomolangma Station and Nam Co Station. These products have taken the process of cloud detection. The data cover the period from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021, and the time resolution is daily. The sunphotometer has eight observation channels from visible light to near infrared, and the central wavelengths are 340, 380, 440, 500, 670, 870, 940 and 1120 nm, respectively. The field of view angle of the instrument is 1.2°, and the sun tracking accuracy is 0.1°. Six bands of aerosol optical thickness can be obtained from direct solar radiation, and the accuracy is estimated to be 0.01-0.02. Finally, AERONET unified inversion algorithm was used to obtain the aerosol optical thickness, Ångström index, aerosol particle size distribution, single scattering albedo, phase function, complex refraction index and asymmetry factor.
CONG Zhiyuan
Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) reflects the attenuation of solar radiation to the surface by aerosols. The aerosol type is calculated according to the aerosol optical thickness (AOD). This data set is derived from the latest MODIS aerosol secondary product MOD04_ L2 and MYD04_ L2, where MOD and MYD represent Terra and Aqua satellites respectively. At present, MODIS aerosol retrieval algorithms are Dark Target (DT) and Deep Blue (DB). According to the inversion accuracy of the metadata field table Quality Assurance Confidence (QAC), DT and DB algorithm products are integrated to deal with land, ocean and coast respectively. The index quality is optimal (QAF=3) or suboptimal (QAF=2) or meets the basic needs (QAF=1) to obtain high-resolution AOD products (0.1 degree, daily scale) with full coverage and long time series. According to AOD experience threshold (AOD: 0~0.2, clean type; 0.2~0.6, urban or industrial type; greater than 0.6, sand dust type) The aerosol types are classified into three types: clean type (1), urban or industrial type (2) and sand dust type (3). This dataset provides MOD, MYD and fusion products based on transit time.
YE Aizhong
Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) reflects the attenuation of solar radiation to the surface by aerosols. This data set is derived from the latest MODIS aerosol secondary product MOD04_ L2 and MYD04_ L2, where MOD and MYD represent Terra and Aqua satellites respectively. At present, MODIS aerosol retrieval algorithms are Dark Target (DT) and Deep Blue (DB). According to the inversion accuracy of the metadata field table Quality Assurance Confidence (QAC), DT and DB algorithm products are integrated to deal with land, ocean and coast respectively. The index quality is optimal (QAF=3) or suboptimal (QAF=2) or meets the basic needs (QAF=1) to obtain high-resolution AOD products (0.1 degree, daily scale) with full coverage and long time series. This dataset provides MOD, MYD and fusion products based on transit time.
YE Aizhong
The 0.1 º aerosol optical thickness dataset (also known as the "Poles AOD Collection 1.0" aerosol optical thickness (AOD) dataset) in the polar regions from 2000 to 2020 was produced by combining Merra-2 mode data and MODIS satellite sensor AOD. The data covers the period from 2000 to 2020, with a daily time resolution, covering the "tri polar" (Antarctic, Arctic and Qinghai Tibet Plateau) region, and a spatial resolution of 0.1 degree. The verification of the measured stations shows that the relative deviation of the data is within 35%, which can effectively improve the coverage and accuracy of AOD in the polar region.
GUANG Jie GUANG Jie
The data set includes basic temperature, humidity and pressure wind meteorological elements, black carbon concentration, scattering coefficient, particle size spectrum data and chemical composition analysis. Automatic weather station can measure temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind direction, wind speed and accumulated precipitation. AE-33 black carbon meter (hereinafter referred to as AE-33) can online measure the concentration of black carbon aerosol in the 370nm, 470nm, 520nm, 590nm, 660nm, 880nm and 950nm bands of TSP (total suspended particulate matter) in the atmosphere, and the mass absorption cross sections used are 18.47, 14.54, 13.14, 11.58, 10.35, 7.77 and 7.19 m2/g respectively. The official observation period is from June 12, 2021 to August 31, 2021, with a time resolution of 1 minute. The table data has been processed subsequently and is hourly data. The Integrated Nephelometer can measure the scattering coefficient of PM2.5 in the atmosphere at 450nm, 550nm and 700nm on line. The official observation period is from June 12, 2021 to August 31, 2021, with a time resolution of 10 seconds. The table data has been processed subsequently and is hourly data. Aerodynamic Particle Size Spectrometer (hereinafter referred to as APS) can measure 0.5-20 in the atmosphere online μ The number concentration particle size distribution spectrum of particles within m (aerodynamic diameter) particle size range has 50 particle size channels. The official observation period is from June 12, 2021 to August 31, 2021, with a time resolution of 5 minutes. The table data has been processed subsequently and is hourly data. The scanning electromobility particle size spectrometer (SMPS) can measure the particle size distribution of 13.6-514 nm (Stokes diameter) in the atmosphere online; TSI 3752 Condensed Nucleus Particle Counter (CPC) is used to measure the number and concentration of particles. The official observation period is from June 29, 2021 to August 31, 2021, with a time resolution of 5 minutes. The table data has been processed subsequently and is hourly data. The domestic medium flow sampler was used to collect the 90mm diameter quartz filter membrane, water soaked quartz filter membrane and Teflon filter membrane of TSP particle size section. The samples can be used for the analysis of chemical components such as elemental carbon, organic carbon, water-soluble ions and metal elements. The sampling period is from June 23, 2021 to August 29, 2021. The sampling starts at 11:00 a.m. and takes 71 hours each time.
TIAN Pengfei, HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, SHI Jinsen
The data set includes the data of total suspended particulates (TSP) of atmospheric aerosols, ambient air temperature and humidity, and aerosol samples taken offline in Namco, Tibet. The online observation instruments are Multi Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) and Integrating Nephelometer. The observation time is from August 5, 2020 to September 11, 2020. The data time resolution of the online instrument is 10 seconds. The abnormal data generated during the operation of the instrument has been eliminated. The offline sampling was 47 hours of TSP samples. This data set provides basic data for studying the physical characteristics, temporal and spatial variation characteristics and source analysis of atmospheric dust aerosol in the central plateau. Supported project: Special Topic II of the sixth research task of the second comprehensive scientific expedition to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2019QZKK0602).
HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Pengfei, SHI Jinsen
The surface PM2.5 concentration data of Tibet Plateau is named by date (YYYYMMDD). Each NC file contains one day's data, which is composed of PM2.5 concentration, longitude, latitude, and time information of the area (the corresponding variables in the data are named with PM2.5, lon, lat, time). The data inversion relies on the reanalysis data MERRA-2 released by NASA and the AOD product of Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR). MERRA-2 is mainly based on NASA GMAO Earth system model version 5 (GEOS 5). The algorithm is able to assimilate all the in-situ and re- motely-sensed atmospheric data. This dataset mainly focuses on the aerosol field of MERRA-2. This is the first multi-decadal reanalysis within which meteorological and aerosol observations are jointly assimilated into a global assimilation system. MISR views Earth with cameras pointed in 9 different directions， which can help us know the amount of sunlight that is scattered in different directions under natural conditions. The main data products used in this data algorithm are MERRA-2 aerosol analysis product (M2T1NXAER) and MISR Level 3 version 4 global aerosol products (MIL3DAEN_4). Firstly, the ratio of PM2.5 to AOD in each grid was calculated by using the aerosol information provided by MERRA-2. Second, the PM2.5 concentration of the grid was calculated by multiplying the AOD of MISR by the ratio. The mean prediction error of PM2.5 concentration obtained by this method is within 20 μg/m3. The corresponding PM2.5 products can be used for the assessment of particulate pollution in the Tibet Plateau.
FU Disong
1) The optical depth, vertical mass concentration and extinction coefficient of dust, sulfate, organic carbon, black carbon and sea salt aerosols and total aerosols were measured; 2) Data source: numerical simulation, processing method: Based on CALIPSO satellite vertical observation and global aerosol model, it is generated by four-dimensional local ensemble transformation Kalman filter assimilation method; 3) The data quality is good; 4) It can also be used to study the spatiotemporal distribution of aerosols and their spatial and temporal characteristics of precipitation and their assimilation.
DAI Tie, CHENG Yueming
This dataset includes the concentrations and spatial pattern of organic carbon (OC) and Elemental carbon (EC) in the carbonaceous aerosol (CA) of the Tibetan Plateau and surroundings. OC and EC were measured by Desert Research Institute Model 2001 Thermal/Optical Carbon Analyzer. The limit of detection (LOD) for OC and EC were 0.43 and 0.12 ug/cm2, respectively. In addition, MAC was also calculated for assessing the effect of EC. This dataset will provide the informations of CA contamination and background values over the Tibetan Plateau and surroundings.
There are two types of aerosol data in the Tibetan Plateau. Aerosol type data products are the results of aerosol type data fusion by using Meera 2 assimilation data and active satellite CALIPSO products through a series of data preprocessing, quality control, statistical analysis and comparative analysis. The key of the algorithm is to judge the CALIPSO aerosol type. According to CALIPSO aerosol types and quality control, and referring to merra 2 aerosol types, the final aerosol type data (12 kinds) and quality control results were obtained. Considering the vertical and spatial distribution of aerosols, it has high spatial resolution (0.625 ° × 0.5 °) and temporal resolution (month). Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is a visible band remote sensing inversion method developed by ourselves, combined with merra-2 model data and NASA's official product mod04. The data coverage time is from 2000 to 2019, with daily temporal resolution and spatial resolution of 0.1 degree. The retrieval method mainly uses the self-developed APRs algorithm to retrieve the aerosol optical depth over the ice and snow. The algorithm takes into account the BRDF characteristics of the ice and snow surface, and is suitable for the inversion of aerosol optical thickness on the ice and snow. The results show that the relative deviation of the data is less than 35%, which can effectively improve the coverage and accuracy of the polar AOD.
GUANG Jie, ZHAO Chuanfeng
As the “water tower of Asia”, Tibetan Plateau (TP) are the resource of major rivers in Asia. Black carbon (BC) aerosol emitted from surrounding regions can be transported to the inner TP by atmospheric circulation and consequently deposited in snow, which can significantly influence precipitation and mass balance of glaciers. Five Aethalometers are used to mornitoring black carbon concentration at 5 stations on the Tibetan Plateau. It can provide basic dataset to study the effects of BC to the environment and climate over the Tibetan Plateau, as well as the pollutants transport.
This data-set contains the field measurements of meteorological parameters，trace gases, PM2. 5/PM10, particle number size distribution (12-530 nm), aerosol chemical composition (sulfate and nitrate in PM2.5) at Lulang and Xihai (29.8oN, 94.7oE, 3300 m a.s.l. and 36.9oN, 100.9oE, 3080 m a.s.l., respectively) in southeastern and northeastern part of Tibetan Plateau. The time period of this data-set is from April to May of 2021 and June of 2021. The data-set comes from two measurement campaigns in 2021. The mobile observation platform of Nanjing University, including various online measurement instruments, was used to conduct the field measurements. The data in this data-set is finalized data with the data correction according to the instruments calibration and data quality control based on the data closure research results between multiple instruments. The atmospheric components data, such as trace gases, PM2.5/PM10, particle number size distribution, aerosol chemical composition, are the observation data under actual atmospheric pressure conditions without pressure corrections. The data-set can be directly used to analyze the atmospheric physics and chemistry related scientific issues in the southeastern and northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. This data-set supplements the lack of field observation data related to the atmospheric environment in the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau.
NIE Wei, CHI Xuguang
As the "water tower" in Asia, the Qinghai Tibet Plateau provides water resources for major rivers in Asia. BC aerosol emitted from biomass and fossil fuel combustion has a strong absorption effect on radiation, which has an important impact on the energy budget and distribution of the earth system. It is an important factor of climate and environmental change. Black carbon aerosols emitted from the surrounding areas of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau can be transported to the interior of the plateau through the atmospheric circulation and settle on the snow and ice surface, which has an important impact on precipitation and glacier material balance. Black carbon meters are set up at five stations on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and aethalometer is used to measure the content of Atmospheric Black Carbon online. The data time resolution is day by day, which provides a data basis for assessing the impact of black carbon on the climate and environment of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the cross-border transmission of air pollutants. This data is an update of the previously released observation data of five stations of atmospheric black carbon content on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2018) and the observation data of five stations of atmospheric black carbon content on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2019). The information of the five sites is as follows: Namuco: 30 ° 46'N, 90 ° 59'e, 4730 m a.s.l Everest station: 28.21 ° n, 86.56 ° e, 4276 m a.s.l Southeastern Tibet: 29 ° 46'N, 94 ° 44'e, 3230 m a.s.l Ali station: 33.39 ° n, 79.70 ° e, 4270 m a.s.l Mustard: 38 ° 24'n, 75 ° 02'e, 3650 m a.s.l
Due to the unique lifestyle of residents and single fuel source, the main fuel in the pastoral area of Qinghai Tibet Plateau is dried yak dung. Yak dung is collected in piles or moulded into dung cake, which is stored after air drying. When used for cooking and heating in residences, it is always burned in cast iron stove. The carbonaceous particles released by yak dung burning are almost the only black carbon aerosol emission source in the vast pastoral area besides motor vehicles. This data set was established by measuring the morphology, particle size and element composition of single particles emitted from yak dung combustion in typical pastoral areas of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The sampling sites included Dangxiong County in Naqu and Dazi County in Lhasa. The field sampling location were the chimney outlet of residential homes. The particles were collected on the polycarbonate filter membrane and analyzed in the laboratory by means of computer-controlled scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy spectrometer. The environmental single particles emitted from yak dung combustion in pastoral areas include soot aggregates, tar balls, heavy metals containing carbonaceous particles, mineral dust, and soluble salt particles. This data set includes the numer percentages, particle size and their shape factor (aspect ratio, roundness and form factor) of various types of particles with statistical significance, It is not only an effective supplement to the basic data of human activities affecting the atmospheric environment, but also has potential significance for evaluating their optical characteristics, radiation effects, health effects and environmental impact of local source carbonaceous aerosols on the plateau.
HU Tafeng, WU Feng, ZHU Chongshu, DAI Wenting, WANG Qiyuan, ZHANG Ningning
The Qinghai Tibet Plateau is surrounded by regions with high global carbon aerosol emissions, and the surrounding black carbon and brown carbon can be transmitted to the plateau. Light absorbing black carbon and brown carbon have warming effect, and their settlement on the surface of ice and snow will also accelerate the melting of glaciers and snow. At present, there is little research on brown carbon in this area, and the research on the correlation between brown carbon components and optics is in its infancy. Therefore, the study of Atmospheric Black Carbon and brown carbon in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau has important climate and environmental significance. The aerosol optical absorption characteristics of Atmospheric Black Carbon and brown carbon were obtained by observing in different regions of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It reveals the spatial differences of optical absorption of black carbon, primary Brown carbon and secondary Brown carbon aerosols in different regions of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
ZHU Chongshu
The data set contains atmospheric aerosol PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 data and ambient air temperature and humidity from meduo National Climate Observatory (29 ° 18'n, 95 ° 19'e, 1305.0m above sea level) in meduo region, Tibet. The observation instrument is grimm-180 environmental particle analyzer. The observation time is from April 8, 2021 to May 22, 2021. The data time resolution is 10 seconds. The abnormal data generated during the operation of the instrument has been eliminated. During the observation period, due to the influence of the South Asian monsoon, the air humidity is high, and the surrounding of the observation site is less disturbed by human activities. This data set provides basic data for studying the physical characteristics, temporal and spatial variation characteristics and source analysis of atmospheric dust aerosols in Southeast Tibet. Supported project: Topic 2 of the sixth research task of the second comprehensive scientific investigation of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2019qzkk0602).
HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Pengfei, SHI Jinsen
The data set contains the scattering coefficient data of atmospheric aerosols at 450nm, 550nm and 700nm bands from meduo National Climate Observatory (29 ° 18'n, 95 ° 19'e, 1305.0m above sea level) in meduo region, Tibet. The observation instrument is an integral turbidimeter. The observation time is from April 8, 2021 to May 22, 2021. The time resolution of the data is 10 seconds. The abnormal data generated during the operation of the instrument has been eliminated. During the observation period, due to the influence of the South Asian monsoon, the air humidity is high, and the surrounding of the observation site is less disturbed by human activities. This data set provides basic data for studying the physical characteristics, temporal and spatial variation characteristics and source analysis of atmospheric dust aerosols in Southeast Tibet. Supported project: Topic 2 of the sixth research task of the second comprehensive scientific investigation of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2019qzkk0602).
HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Pengfei, SHI Jinsen
The data set contains hourly data of atmospheric black carbon aerosol concentrations at the meduo National Climate Observatory (29 ° 18'n, 95 ° 19'e, altitude 1305.0m) in meduo, Tibet. The observation instrument is ae31, and the observation time is from April 9, 2021 to May 20, 2021. The abnormal data generated in the sampling process has been eliminated. During the observation period, due to the influence of the South Asian monsoon, the air humidity is high, and the surrounding of the observation site is less disturbed by human activities. This data set provides basic data for studying the physical characteristics, temporal and spatial variation characteristics and source analysis of atmospheric black carbon aerosols in Southeast Tibet.
HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Pengfei, SHI Jinsen
The data set is the observation data of Shiquanhe town in Ali area. The longitude, latitude and altitude of the station in Ali area are 32.50 and 80.10 respectively; 4360m。 Continuously observe the mass concentration of black carbon in the atmosphere. The measuring instrument is ae31 (aethalometer), and its observation period is from 12:00:00 on July 13, 2019 to 21:35:00 on July 17, 2020. The time resolution is 5 minutes. There is data loss due to instrument failure. The data file includes instrument information, flow parameter setting (LPM) and specific observed concentration. Supported project: the second comprehensive scientific investigation and Research on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau 2019QZKK0602.
ZHU Chongshu, HU Tafeng, WU Feng, WANG Qiyuan, ZHANG Ningning, DAI Wenting
The data set is from Gaomeigu area in Lijiang, Yunnan Province. The longitude, latitude and altitude of Gaomeigu area are 100 E ° 01 ′ 51 ″, 26 n ° 42 ′ 32 ″, altitude 3200m. The data set includes: 1. Continuous observation of the mass concentration of fusible chemical components in the atmosphere, including organic matter, nitrate, sulfate, chloride and ammonia. The measurement instrument is the aerosol chemical composition on-line monitor (ACSM). The observation period is from 00:29 on March 13, 2018 to 01:27 on April 7, 2018, and the time resolution is 30 minutes. The intermediate instrument runs well, and the data is missing occasionally. The data file contains the mass concentration data of each component measured by the instrument. 2. Continuously observe the mass concentration of black carbon in the atmosphere. The measuring instrument is aethalometer ae33 black carbon instrument produced by Magee company. The observation period is from 00:00 on March 14, 2018 to 23:59 on May 13, 2018, and the time resolution is 1 minute. The whole observation instrument works well, and the data is missing occasionally. The data file contains the information of the instrument, the measured mass concentration data of black carbon and various parameters of the instrument, including temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc. 3. Continuously observe the mass concentration of nitric oxide and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere. The measuring instrument is the NOx analyzer produced by Thermo Fisher company. The observation period is from 00:00 on April 10, 2018 to 23:59 on May 13, 2018, and the time resolution is 1 minute. The whole observation instrument works well, and the data is missing occasionally. The data file contains the mass concentration data of NOx and no gas measured by the instrument. 4. Continuously observe the mass concentration of ozone in the atmosphere. The measuring instrument is the 49i ozone analyzer produced by Thermo Fisher company. The observation period is from 00:00 on March 15, 2018 to 23:59 on May 13, 2018, and the time resolution is 1 minute. The whole observation instrument works well, and the data is missing occasionally. The data file contains the mass concentration data of ozone gas measured by the instrument. 5. Continuously observe the mass concentration of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. The measuring instrument is sulfur dioxide analyzer produced by Thermo Fisher company. The observation period is from 00:00 on March 15, 2018 to 23:59 on May 13, 2018, and the time resolution is 1 minute. The whole observation instrument works well, and the data is missing occasionally. The data file contains the mass concentration data of sulfur dioxide gas measured by the instrument. Supported project: the second comprehensive scientific expedition to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau 2019qzk0602.
WANG Qiyuan, ZHANG Ningning, ZHU Chongshu, HU Tafeng, WU Feng, DAI Wenting, RAN Weikang
This data-set contains the field measurements of meteorological parameters，trace gases, PM2. 5/PM10, particle number size distribution (12-530 nm), aerosol chemical composition (sulfate, nitrate and heavy metal components in PM2.5) at Geermu and Xihai (36.4oN, 94.8oE, 2800 m a.s.l. and 36.9oN, 100.9oE, 3080 m a.s.l., respectively) and the mobile measurements of trace gases in northeastern part of Tibetan Plateau. The time period of this data-set is from September to October in 2019 and 2020. The data-set comes from two measurement campaigns in 2019 and 2020. The mobile observation platform of Nanjing University, including various online measurement instruments（Duvas-DV3000，microAeth®-MA200，Vaisala weather probe）, was used to conduct the field measurements. The data in this data-set is finalized data with the data correction according to the instruments calibration and data quality control based on the data closure research results between multiple instruments. The atmospheric components data, such as trace gases, PM2.5/PM10, particle number size distribution, aerosol chemical composition, are the observation data under actual atmospheric pressure conditions without pressure corrections. The data-set can be directly used to analyze the atmospheric physics and chemistry related scientific issues in the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. This data-set supplements the lack of field observation data related to the atmospheric environment in the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau.
NIE Wei, CHI Xuguang
The surface PM2.5 concentration data of Tibet Plateau is named by date (YYYYMMDD). Each NC file contains one day's data, which is composed of PM2.5 concentration, longitude, latitude, and time information of the area (the corresponding variables in the data are named with PM2.5, lon, lat, time). The data inversion relies on the reanalysis data MERRA-2 released by NASA and the AOD product of Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR). MERRA-2 is mainly based on NASA GMAO Earth system model version 5 (GEOS 5). The algorithm is able to assimilate all the in-situ and re- motely-sensed atmospheric data. This dataset mainly focuses on the aerosol field of MERRA-2. This is the first multi-decadal reanalysis within which meteorological and aerosol observations are jointly assimilated into a global assimilation system. MISR views Earth with cameras pointed in 9 different directions， which can help us know the amount of sunlight that is scattered in different directions under natural conditions. The main data products used in this data algorithm are MERRA-2 aerosol analysis product (M2T1NXAER) and MISR Level 3 version 4 global aerosol products (MIL3DAEN_4). Firstly, the ratio of PM2.5 to AOD in each grid was calculated by using the aerosol information provided by MERRA-2. Second, the PM2.5 concentration of the grid was calculated by multiplying the AOD of MISR by the ratio. The mean prediction error of PM2.5 concentration obtained by this method is within 20 μg/m3. The corresponding PM2.5 products can be used for the assessment of particulate pollution in the Tibet Plateau.
FU Disong
The data of aerosol optical depth were daily collected at Qomolangma Station for Atmospheric and Environmental Observation and Research with An automatic sun/sky scanning radiometer (Cimel 318), over the period from Jan. to Dec. The data were measured at 2020. 340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870 and 1020 nm channel with uncertainty of 0.01 - 0.02.
CONG Zhiyuan
(1) Daily average of atmospheric black carbon concentration(ng/m3) at the NASDE. (2) Instruments: Aethalometer (AE33). This instrument collected data with a resolution of one minute. The abnormal data collected at the start-up or faulty stage were manually excluded before analysis further. We generated daily average based on the National Ambient Air Quality Standard of China (GB 3095-2012). (3) From May to November, 2018, a wildlife Conservation Station nearby was constructed, which frequentlyexposed largeamounts of particles, thus the BC concentration was far beyond that collected in the same season of other years. The data in this period shouldbeusedwith greatcaution. Due to problems in the instrument or electric power supply, thedata was lost in other periods. (4) The instrument was placed at the Ngari Station for Desert Environment Observation and Research (79.70° E, 33.39°N, 4270 m above sea level).
XU Baiqing, ZHAO Huabiao, YANG Song
The total solar radiation and the total radiation of absorption and scattering material attenuation are measured by the international general solar radiation meter (li200sz, li-cor, Inc., USA). The measured data are total solar radiation, including direct and diffuse solar radiation, with a wavelength range of 400-1100nm. The unit of measurement is w / m2, and the typical error is ± 3% (incidence angle is within 60 °) under natural lighting. The data of sodankyl ä station in the Arctic comes from cooperation with the site and website download. The coverage time of sodankyl ä station in the Arctic is updated to 2018.
BAI Jianhui
The aerosol optical thickness data of Qomolangma station and Namuco station in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is based on the observation data products of Qomolangma station and Namuco station from the atmospheric radiation view of the Institute of Qinghai Tibet Plateau of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The data coverage time is from 2017 to 2019, the time resolution is hour by hour, the coverage sites are Qomolangma station and Namuco station, the longitude and latitude coordinates are (Qomolangma station: 28.365n, 86.948e, Namuco station Mucuo station: 30.7725n, 90.9626e). The source of the observed data is retrieved from the radiation data observed by mfrsr instrument. The characteristic variable is aerosol optical thickness, and the error range of the observed inversion is about 15%. The data format is TXT.
CONG Zhiyuan
The data set contains the off-line sampling data of medium flow aerosols from Shiquanhe national climate station (32 ° 30'n, 80 ° 05'e, altitude 4278.6 m) in Ali Region. The measuring instrument is Laoying 2030 medium flow sampler. The quartz filter membrane samples of PM2.5, PM10 and TSP with a diameter of 90 mm are collected. The samples will be used for chemical components such as elemental carbon, organic carbon, water-soluble ions and metal elements analysis. The sampling period is from July 7, 2019 to August 2, 2019, starting at 09:00 every day, with a total of 81 samples for 23 hours each time. The data is stored in Excel file.
HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Pengfei, SHI Jinsen
The data set contains the scattering coefficients of PM2.5 (particles less than 2.5 μ m) at 450nm, 550nm and 700nm at Shiquanhe national climate station (32 ° 30'n, 80 ° 05'e, altitude 4278.6 m). The measuring instrument is tsi-3563 integral turbidimeter, the observation period is from July 8, 2019 to August 2, 2019, and the time resolution is 10 seconds. It can be used to study the dependence of PM2.5 scattering coefficient on the wavelength of incident light, which can reflect the particle size distribution of PM2.5.
HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Pengfei, SHI Jinsen
The data set contains the scattering and absorption coefficients of PM2.5 (particles with particle size less than 2.5 μ m) in the atmosphere of Shiquanhe national reference climate station (32 ° 30'n, 80 ° 05'e, altitude 4278.6 m) in Ali Region. The measurement instrument is photoacoustic extinctiomer (pax), the observation period is from July 13, 2019 to August 2, 2019, and the time resolution is 1 minute. The data set can be used to study the scattering and absorption characteristics of PM2.5 over the Tibetan Plateau.
HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Pengfei, SHI Jinsen
The data set contains the mass concentration of PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μ m) in the atmosphere of Shiquanhe national reference climate station (32 ° 30'n, 80 ° 05'e, altitude 4278.6 m). The measuring instrument is RP 1400A vibrating balance micro balance (TEOM). The observation period is from July 8, 2019 to August 2, 2019, and the time resolution is 1 minute. The data is stored in TXT format.
HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Pengfei, SHI Jinsen
The data set contains the number concentration and size distribution spectrum of particles in the atmosphere of Shiquanhe national climate station (32 ° 30'n, 80 ° 05'e, elevation 4278.6 m) in Ali Region. The instrument is tsi-3321 aerodynamic particle size spectrometer (APS), with 52 particle size channels. The observation period is from July 7, 2019 to August 2, 2019, and the time resolution is 5 minutes. The size distribution spectra of aerosol volume concentration and mass concentration can be obtained by using the data, aerosol spherical hypothesis and aerosol density, and then the characteristics of aerosol particle size distribution in the northwest of Qinghai Tibet Plateau can be studied.
HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Pengfei, SHI Jinsen
The measurement data of the sun spectrophotometer can be directly used to perform inversion on the optical thickness of the non-water vapor channel, Rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical thickness, and moisture content of the atmospheric air column (using the measurement data at 936 nm of the water vapor channel). The aerosol optical property data set of the Tibetan Plateau by ground-based observations was obtained by adopting the Cimel 318 sun photometer, and both the Mt. Qomolangma and Namco stations were involved. The temporal coverage of the data is from 2009 to 2016, and the temporal resolution is one day. The sun photometer has eight observation channels from visible light to near infrared. The center wavelengths are 340, 380, 440, 500, 670, 870, 940 and 1120 nm. The field angle of the instrument is 1.2°, and the sun tracking accuracy is 0.1°. According to the direct solar radiation, the aerosol optical thickness of 6 bands can be obtained, and the estimated accuracy is 0.01 to 0.02. Finally, the AERONET unified inversion algorithm was used to obtain aerosol optical thickness, Angstrom index, particle size spectrum, single scattering albedo, phase function, birefringence index, asymmetry factor, etc.
CONG Zhiyuan
Black carbon(BC) is a carbonaceous aerosol that mainly emitted from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels or biomass. As fine particles in the atmosphere with light-absorbing characteristic, BC can significantly reduce the surface albedo when deposits on snow and ice and accelerate the melting of glaciers and snow cover. New Aethalometer model AE-33 acquires the real-time BC concentration according to the light absorption and attenuation characteristics from the different wavelengths. In addition, AE-33 uses dual-spot measurements, which can compensate for the “spot loading effect” and obtain high-quality BC concentrations. By using the real-time observation data measured by AE-33 at Mt. Everest Station, we analyzed the seasonal and diurnal variations of BC and its sources and transport processes, and we also investigated the transport mechanisms of serious polluted episodes. That can provide basis for future works on assessment of climate effects caused by BC in this region.
KANG Shichang
As the "water tower" of Asia, the Qinghai Tibet Plateau provides water resources for the main rivers in Asia. BC aerosol emitted from biomass and fossil fuel combustion has a strong absorption effect on radiation, and has an important impact on the energy budget and distribution of the earth system. It is an important influence factor of climate and environmental change. The black carbon aerosols emitted from the surrounding areas of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau can be transported to the interior of the plateau through the atmospheric circulation, and settle on the surface of snow and ice, which has an important impact on precipitation and glacier mass balance. Black carbon meters were set up at five stations on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and aethalometer was used to measure the black carbon content in the atmosphere online. The time resolution of the data was day by day. This data is an update of the previously released "observational data of black carbon content in the atmosphere of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2018)". The information of the five sites is as follows: Namco: 30 ° 46'N, 90 ° 59'e, 4730 ma.s.l Mt. Everest: 28.21 ° n, 86.56 ° e, 4276 ma. S.l Southeast Tibet: 29 ° 46'N, 94 ° 44'e, 3230 ma.s.l Ali station: 33.39 ° n, 79.70 ° e, 4270 ma. S.l Mostag: 38 ° 24'n, 75 ° 02'e, 3650 ma.s.l
Wildfires can strongly affect the frozen soil environment by burning surface vegetation and soil organic matter. Vegetation affected by fire can take many years to return to mature pre-fire levels. In this data set, the effects of fires on vegetation regrowth in a frozen-ground tundra environment in the Anaktuvuk River Basin on the North Slope of Alaska were studied by quantifying changes in C-band and L-band SAR backscatter data over 15 years (2002-2017). After the fire, the C- and L-band backscattering coefficients increased by 5.5 and 4.4 dB, respectively, in the severe fire area compared to the unburned area. Five years after the fire, the difference in C-band backscattering between the fire zone and the unburned zone decreased, indicating that the post-fire vegetation level had recovered to the level of the unburned zone. This long recovery time is longer than the 3-year recovery estimated from visible wavelength-based NDVI observations. In addition, after 10 years of vegetation recovery, the backscattering of the L-band in the severe fire zone remains approximately 2 dB higher than that of the unburned zone. This continued difference may be caused by an increase in surface roughness. Our analysis shows that long-term SAR backscattering data sets can quantify vegetation recovery after fire in an Arctic tundra environment and can also be used to supplement visible-wavelength observations. The temporal coverage of the backscattering data is from 2002 to 2017, with a time resolution of one month, and the data cover the Anaktuvuk River area on the North Slope of Alaska. The spatial resolution is 30~100 m, the C- and L-band data are separated, and a GeoTIFF file is stored every month. For details on the data, see SAR Backscattering Data of the Anaktuvuk River Basin on the North Slope of Alaska - Data Description.
JIANG Liming
This data set includes PM2.5 mass concentrations (unit: μ g / m3) of atmospheric aerosol particles from South-East Tibetan plateau Station, Ngari Station, Muztagh Ata Station, Qomolangma station and Namco station. Aerosol PM2.5 fine particles refer to the particles with aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μ m in ambient air. It can be suspended in the air for a long time, which has an important impact on air quality and visibility. The higher its concentration in the air, the more serious the air pollution. The concentration characteristic data of PM2.5 were calculated every 5 The analysis of aerosol mass concentration in different time scales, such as hour, day and night, season and inter annual, can be achieved by obtaining a group of data frequency for output. This provides important data support for the analysis of aerosol mass concentration changes in different time scales and its influencing factors in different locations of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, as well as the evaluation of local air quality. The data is an update of the published data set of aerosol PM2.5 concentration at different stations on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2018).
WU Guangjian
This data set comprises the oxygen isotope and geochemical data of two deep-drilled ice cores drilled in the Puruogangri ice sheet (33°55'N, 89°05'E, altitude: 6070 meters) in the central Tibetan Plateau in 2000. The ice core depths are 118.4 and 214.7 meters, respectively. Source of the data: National Centers for Environmental Information (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core) . The data set contains 6 tables, which are the average values of 1 oxygen isotope per meter of the Puruogangri ice core, the 10-year average data of 1 oxygen isotope of the Puruogangri ice core, the average values of 2 oxygen isotope and the soluble aerosol concentrations per meter of the Puruogangri ice core, the 5-year average data of 2 oxygen isotope and aerosol concentrations of Puruogangri ice core, 10-year average data of 2 oxygen isotope and aerosol concentrations of the Puruogangri ice core, and the 100-year average values of 2 oxygen isotopic and aerosol concentrations of the Puruogangri ice core. The information on the fields is as follows: Table 1: the average values of 1 oxygen isotope per meter of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: Depth [m] Field 2: δ18° [‰] Table 2: the 10-year average data of 1 oxygen isotope of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: Start time [Dimensionless] Field 2: End time [Dimensionless] Field 3: δ18° [‰] Table 3: the average values of 2 oxygen isotope and soluble aerosol concentration per meter of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: Depth [m] Field 2: Dust (diameter 0.63-20 um) [particles/mL] Field 3: 18° [‰] Field 4: F- [ppb] Field 5: Cl- [ppb] Field 6: SO42- [ppb] Field 7: NO3- [ppb] Field 8: Na+ [ppb] Field 9: NH4+ [ppb] Field 10: K+ [ppb] Field 11: Mg2+ [ppb] Field 12: Ca2+ [ppb] Table 4: the 5-year average data of 2 oxygen isotope and aerosol concentration of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: Start time [Dimensionless] Field 2: End time [Dimensionless] Field 3: δ18° [‰] Field 4: Accumulation [cm/yr] Field 5: Dust (diameter 0.63-20 um) [particles/mL] Field 6: F- [ppb] Field 7: Cl- [ppb] Field 8: SO42- [ppb] Field 9: NO3- [ppb] Field 10: Na+ [ppb] Field 11: NH4+ [ppb] Field 12: K+ [ppb] Field 13: Mg2+ [ppb] Field 14: Ca2+ [ppb] Table 5: the 10-year average data of 2 oxygen isotope and aerosol concentrations of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: Start time [Dimensionless] Field 2: End time [Dimensionless] Field 3: δ18° [‰] Field 4: Dust (diameter 0.63-20 um) [particles/mL] Field 5: F- [ppb] Field 6: Cl- [ppb] Field 7: SO42- [ppb] Field 8: NO3- [ppb] Field 9: Na+ [ppb] Field 10: NH4+ [ppb] Field 11: K+ [ppb] Field 12: Mg2+ [ppb] Field 13: Ca2+ [ppb] Table 6: the 100-year average values of 2 oxygen isotopic and aerosol concentrations of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: The last year of the interval [Dimensionless] Field 2: δ18° [‰] Field 3: Dust (diameter 0.63-20 um) [particles/mL] Field 4: F- [ppb] Field 5: Cl- [ppb] Field 6: SO42- [ppb] Field 7: NO3- [ppb] Field 8: Na+ [ppb] Field 9: NH4+ [ppb] Field 10: K+ [ppb] Field 11: Mg2+ [ppb] Field 12: Ca2+ [ppb]
National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
This dataset includes the monthly AOD datasets from MODIS Aqua of the central and western part of China. By applying the Deep Blue (DB) and Dark Target (DT) algorithms over land, and the DT over-water algorithm, three types of AOD products at 550 nm are relseaed (e.g. Dark Target, Deep Blue and Merged AOD). In this project, monthly AOD products from July 2003 to November 2018 are collected, which can provide the informations of AOD and air pollutions over the central and western part of China.
XIA Xiangao, SONG Zijue
Black carbon is an important light absorbing substance, which has an important impact on climate change. This data set contains the data of black carbon concentration and sedimentation flux in the core of six lakes (gun Yong lake, Tanggula lake, linggecuo, Ranwu lake, gokyo, gosainkunda) on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the south slope of the Himalayas. The carbon concentration of Huxin black was determined by digestion filtration thermoluminescence method. This dataset is an excel file, which can be opened directly by using Excel. This data set is helpful to study the history of atmospheric black carbon deposition in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas and to further analyze the sources of atmospheric black carbon. It can be used as the basic data for the study of atmospheric black carbon transport and climate effect assessment.
KANG Shichang
The three pole aerosol type data product is an aerosol type result obtained by integrating the data assimilation of Meera 2 and the active satellite CALIPSO product through a series of data preprocessing, quality control, statistical analysis and comparative analysis. The key of this algorithm is to judge the type of CALIPSO aerosol. In the process of aerosol type data fusion, according to the type and quality control of CALIPSO aerosol, and referring to the type of merra 2 aerosol, the final aerosol type data (12 kinds in total) and quality control results in the three pole area are obtained. The data product fully considers the vertical distribution and spatial distribution of aerosols, with high spatial resolution (0.625 ° × 0.5 °) and time resolution (month).
ZHAO Chuanfeng
The aerosol optical thickness data of the Arctic Alaska station is based on the observation data products of the atmospheric radiation observation plan of the U.S. Department of energy at the Arctic Alaska station. The data coverage time is updated from 2016 to 2019, with the time resolution of hour by hour. The coverage site is the northern Alaska station, with the longitude and latitude coordinates of (71 ° 19 ′ 22.8 ″ n, 156 ° 36 ′ 32.4 ″ w). The source of the observed data is retrieved from the radiation data observed by mfrsr instrument. The characteristic variable is aerosol optical thickness, and the error range of the observed inversion is about 15%. The data format is NC format.
ZHAO Chuanfeng
The "poles AOD Collection 1.0" aerosol optical thickness (AOD) data set adopts the self-developed visible band remote sensing inversion method, combined with the merra-2 model data and the official NASA product mod04. The data covers from 2000 to 2019, with the time resolution of day by day, covering the "three poles" (Antarctic, Arctic and Qinghai Tibet Plateau) area, and the spatial resolution of 0.1. Degree. The inversion method mainly uses the self-developed APRs algorithm to invert the aerosol optical thickness over ice and snow. The algorithm considers the BRDF characteristics of ice and snow surface, and is suitable for the inversion of aerosol optical thickness over ice and snow. The experimental results show that the relative deviation of the data is less than 35%, which can effectively improve the coverage and accuracy of the aerosol optical thickness in the polar region.
GUANG Jie
The aerosol optical thickness data of the Arctic Alaska station is based on the observation data products of the atmospheric radiation observation plan of the U.S. Department of energy at the Arctic Alaska station. The data coverage time is from 1998 to 2016, and the time resolution is hour by hour. The coverage site is the Arctic Alaska station, with the longitude and latitude coordinates of (71 ° 19 ′ 22.8 ″ n, 156 ° 36 ′ 32.4 ″ w). The source of the observed data is retrieved from the radiation data observed by mfrsr instrument. The optical characteristic variable is aerosol optical thickness, and the error range of the observed inversion is about 15%. The data format is NC format.
ZHAO Chuanfeng
The dateset of sun photometer observations was obtained in the Biandukou foci experimental area from Mar. 7 to 17, 2008, simultaneous with MODIS and TM. Those provide reliable data for atmosphere correction of the same period in this area. Atmospheric parameters were measured by CE318. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired. Column water vapor can also be retrieved according to data in 936 nm. The dataset archived in txt files includes processed data on Mar. 7, 14 and 17 respectively.
SU Gaoli
The dataset of sun photometer observations was obtained in Linze grassland station, the reed plot A, the saline plot B, the barley plot E, the observation stationof the Linze grassland foci experimental areaand Jingdu hotel of Zhangye city. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318 from May 30 to Jun. 11, 2008. And from Jun. 15 to Jul.11, the data of 1640nm, 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm, 550nm, 440nm, 380nm and 340nm were acquired. Both measurements were carried out at intervals of 1 minute. Optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, air temperature and pressure near land surface, the solar azimuth and zenith could all be further retrieved. Readme file was attached for detail.
LIANG Ji, WANG Xufeng
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